Ligand-induced formation of transient dimers of mammalian 12/15-lipoxygenase: a key to allosteric behavior of this class of enzymes?

TitleLigand-induced formation of transient dimers of mammalian 12/15-lipoxygenase: a key to allosteric behavior of this class of enzymes?
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2012
AuthorsIvanov, Igor, Shang Weifeng, Toledo Lea, Masgrau Laura, Svergun Dmitri I., Stehling Sabine, Gómez Hansel, Di Venere Almerinda, Mei Giampiero, Lluch José M., Skrzypczak-Jankun Ewa, González-Lafont Angels, and Kühn Hartmut
JournalProteins
Volume80
Pagination703-12
Date Published2012 Mar
ISSN1097-0134
KeywordsAllosteric Regulation, Animals, Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase, Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase, Crystallography, Ligands, Linoleic Acids, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Mutation, Protein Multimerization, Rabbits, X-Ray
Abstract

Mammalian lipoxygenases (LOXs) have been implicated in cellular defense response and are important for physiological homeostasis. Since their discovery, LOXs have been believed to function as monomeric enzymes that exhibit allosteric properties. In aqueous solutions, the rabbit 12/15-LOX is mainly present as hydrated monomer but changes in the local physiochemical environment suggested a monomer-dimer equilibrium. Because the allosteric character of the enzyme can hardly be explained using a single ligand binding-site model, we proposed that the binding of allosteric effectors may shift the monomer-dimer equilibrium toward dimer formation. To test this hypothesis, we explored the impact of an allosteric effector [13(S)-hydroxyoctadeca-9(Z),11(E)-dienoic acid] on the structural properties of rabbit 12/15-LOX by small-angle X-ray scattering. Our data indicate that the enzyme undergoes ligand-induced dimerization in aqueous solution, and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that LOX dimers may be stable in the presence of substrate fatty acids. These data provide direct structural evidence for the existence of LOX dimers, where two noncovalently linked enzyme molecules might work in unison and, therefore, such mode of association might be related to the allosteric character of 12/15-LOX. Introduction of negatively charged residues (W181E + H585E and L183E + L192E) at the intermonomer interface disturbs the hydrophobic dimer interaction of the wild-type LOX, and this structural alteration may lead to functional distortion of mutant enzymes.

DOI10.1002/prot.23227